القصيدة التربوية 1920 - 1928 وهي تقنية الروسي ماكارنكو
كيف تكون مجتمعاً واعياً من الأطفال الصعاب التربية في احدي الاصلاحيات للأطفال المجرمين
والمشردين غوركي
graduation paper, “Crisis of Modern Pedagogies,” was
highly appraised for its unusual approach. For his educational achievements
Makarenko was honored with a golden medal, the highest award in Soviet schools
and colleges. After graduating from college Makarenko was advised to continue
his scientific research in the field of pedagogy, but Anton chose to become a
practicing teacher. He worked in the colleges of Krukov and Poltava until 1920
when he was invited to head the Poltava Colony for Young Offenders
Based on pedagogic literature and
his own research and experience, Makarenko believed that upbringing and proper
education were the most important factors influencing the formation and
development of an individual. His point of view contrasted with the practical
standards of the times. At the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of
teachers believed each individual had a number of congenital characteristics
that determined his or her personality. Makarenko did not agree that a person
is “initially good” or
“initially bad.” He was sure that everyone, especially
children and teenagers, needed respect and understanding. Makarenko also
rejected physical punishment, a common measure of his times.
After proving the effectiveness of
his system in the Poltava Colony, in 1927 Makarenko was appointed as the head
of an orphanage for street children near Kharkov. Thousands of children in the
Soviet Union became orphans following the Civil War and World War I. Left
without parental love and care many of them became juvenile criminals. The
orphanage near Kharkov was known as the place where the most incorrigible
thieves and swindlers were put into rehabilitation. An innovative educator,
Makarenko succeeded in gaining their respect. In his upbringing of the troubled
orphans he combined insistence and respect, school education and productive
labor.
The methods developed by Anton
Makarenko were highly appreciated by Soviet writer Maxim Gorky who believed
that Makarenko’s “pedagogical experiment is meaningful for the whole world.”
Inspired by Gorky, the writer whom he admired, Makarenko wrote the “The
Pedagogical Poem,” based on the true stories of his pupils from the orphanage
for street children. In his book Makarenko showed how proper education could
turn uncontrollable and aggressive teenagers into worthy and responsible
citizens. “The Pedagogical Poem,” Makarenko’s principal publication, was a
great success not only in the USSR, but also abroad. Anton Makarenko earned a
reputation as a progressive, innovative and talented educator.
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